diff --git a/kernel/drivers/video/framebuffer.c b/kernel/drivers/video/framebuffer.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f64757 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/drivers/video/framebuffer.c @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +static fb_console_t console; + +void fb_init(void) +{ + if (framebuffer_request.response == NULL || + framebuffer_request.response->framebuffer_count < 1) { + return; + } + + console.fb = framebuffer_request.response->framebuffers[0]; + console.fg_color = 0xFFFFFF; // White + console.bg_color = 0x000000; // Black + console.cursor_x = 0; + console.cursor_y = 0; + console.cols = console.fb->width / FB_CHAR_WIDTH; + console.rows = console.fb->height / FB_CHAR_HEIGHT; + + fb_clear(); +} + +void fb_clear(void) +{ + if (!console.fb) return; + + uint32_t *fb = (uint32_t *)console.fb->address; + size_t pixels = (console.fb->pitch / 4) * console.fb->height; + + for (size_t i = 0; i < pixels; i++) { + fb[i] = console.bg_color; + } + + console.cursor_x = 0; + console.cursor_y = 0; +} + +void fb_draw_rect(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t color) +{ + if (!console.fb) return; + + uint32_t *fb = (uint32_t *)console.fb->address; + uint32_t pitch_pixels = console.fb->pitch / 4; + + for (uint32_t row = y; row < y + h && row < console.fb->height; row++) { + for (uint32_t col = x; col < x + w && col < console.fb->width; col++) { + fb[row * pitch_pixels + col] = color; + } + } +} + +void fb_set_color(uint32_t fg, uint32_t bg) +{ + console.fg_color = fg; + console.bg_color = bg; +} + +static void draw_char(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, char c, uint32_t fg_color, uint32_t bg_color) +{ + if (!console.fb) return; + + uint32_t *fb = (uint32_t *)console.fb->address; + uint32_t pitch_pixels = console.fb->pitch / 4; + + // Get the font data for this character + const uint8_t *char_data = &IBM_VGA_8x16[c * 16]; + + // Draw each row of the character + for (uint32_t row = 0; row < FB_CHAR_HEIGHT; row++) { + uint8_t font_row = char_data[row]; + + // Draw each pixel in the row + for (uint32_t col = 0; col < FB_CHAR_WIDTH; col++) { + uint32_t px = x + col; + uint32_t py = y + row; + + // Check bounds + if (px >= console.fb->width || py >= console.fb->height) continue; + + // Check if this pixel should be set (bit test) + if (font_row & (0x80 >> col)) { + fb[py * pitch_pixels + px] = fg_color; + } else { + fb[py * pitch_pixels + px] = bg_color; + } + } + } +} + +static void scroll_up(void) +{ + if (!console.fb) return; + + uint32_t *fb = (uint32_t *)console.fb->address; + uint32_t pitch_pixels = console.fb->pitch / 4; + + // Move all lines up by one character height + for (uint32_t y = 0; y < console.fb->height - FB_CHAR_HEIGHT; y++) { + for (uint32_t x = 0; x < console.fb->width; x++) { + fb[y * pitch_pixels + x] = fb[(y + FB_CHAR_HEIGHT) * pitch_pixels + x]; + } + } + + // Clear the last line + for (uint32_t y = console.fb->height - FB_CHAR_HEIGHT; y < console.fb->height; y++) { + for (uint32_t x = 0; x < console.fb->width; x++) { + fb[y * pitch_pixels + x] = console.bg_color; + } + } +} + +void fb_putchar(char c) +{ + if (!console.fb) return; + + // Handle special characters + switch (c) { + case '\n': + console.cursor_x = 0; + console.cursor_y++; + break; + case '\r': + console.cursor_x = 0; + break; + case '\t': + console.cursor_x = (console.cursor_x + 8) & ~7; + break; + case '\b': + if (console.cursor_x > 0) { + console.cursor_x--; + draw_char(console.cursor_x * FB_CHAR_WIDTH, + console.cursor_y * FB_CHAR_HEIGHT, + ' ', console.fg_color, console.bg_color); + } + break; + default: + // Draw the character + draw_char(console.cursor_x * FB_CHAR_WIDTH, + console.cursor_y * FB_CHAR_HEIGHT, + c, console.fg_color, console.bg_color); + console.cursor_x++; + break; + } + + // Handle line wrapping + if (console.cursor_x >= console.cols) { + console.cursor_x = 0; + console.cursor_y++; + } + + // Handle scrolling + if (console.cursor_y >= console.rows) { + scroll_up(); + console.cursor_y = console.rows - 1; + } +} + +void fb_puts(const char *str) +{ + while (*str) { + fb_putchar(*str++); + } +} + +static void print_number(unsigned long num, int base, int width, char pad) +{ + char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; + char buffer[32]; + int pos = 0; + + // Convert number to string (reversed) + if (num == 0) { + buffer[pos++] = '0'; + } else { + while (num > 0) { + buffer[pos++] = digits[num % base]; + num /= base; + } + } + + // Add padding if needed + while (pos < width) { + buffer[pos++] = pad; + } + + // Print reversed + while (pos > 0) { + fb_putchar(buffer[--pos]); + } +} + +static void print_signed(long num, int width, char pad) +{ + if (num < 0) { + fb_putchar('-'); + print_number(-num, 10, width, pad); + } else { + print_number(num, 10, width, pad); + } +} + +void fb_printf(const char *fmt, ...) +{ + va_list args; + va_start(args, fmt); + + while (*fmt) { + if (*fmt == '%') { + fmt++; + + // Handle width and padding + char pad = ' '; + int width = 0; + + if (*fmt == '0') { + pad = '0'; + fmt++; + } + + while (*fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '9') { + width = width * 10 + (*fmt - '0'); + fmt++; + } + + // Handle format specifiers + switch (*fmt) { + case 'd': + case 'i': + print_signed(va_arg(args, int), width, pad); + break; + + case 'u': + print_number(va_arg(args, unsigned int), 10, width, pad); + break; + + case 'x': + print_number(va_arg(args, unsigned int), 16, width, pad); + break; + + case 'X': + print_number(va_arg(args, unsigned int), 16, width, pad); + break; + + case 'p': + fb_puts("0x"); + print_number((unsigned long)va_arg(args, void*), 16, 16, '0'); + break; + + case 'c': + fb_putchar(va_arg(args, int)); + break; + + case 's': + { + const char *str = va_arg(args, const char*); + if (str) { + fb_puts(str); + } else { + fb_puts("(null)"); + } + } + break; + + case '%': + fb_putchar('%'); + break; + + default: + fb_putchar('%'); + fb_putchar(*fmt); + break; + } + } else { + fb_putchar(*fmt); + } + fmt++; + } + + va_end(args); +} diff --git a/kernel/include/bootloader.h b/kernel/include/bootloader.h index ddfb1d0..89ba476 100644 --- a/kernel/include/bootloader.h +++ b/kernel/include/bootloader.h @@ -3,19 +3,7 @@ #include "limine.h" -__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) -static volatile LIMINE_BASE_REVISION(3); - -__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) -static volatile struct limine_framebuffer_request framebuffer_request = { - .id = LIMINE_FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST, - .revision = 0 -}; - -__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_start"))) -static volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_START_MARKER - -__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_end"))) -static volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_END_MARKER; +#define DEFINE_LIMINE_REQUESTS +#include "limine_requests.h" #endif /* BOOTLOADER_H */ diff --git a/kernel/include/drivers/video/font8x16.h b/kernel/include/drivers/video/font8x16.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f14676 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/include/drivers/video/font8x16.h @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +/* + * file './font-bin/IBM_VGA_8x16.bin', filesize 4096bytes, linewidth=16bytes + * array created from bin-file by bin2header + * bin2header (c) 2013 Nils Stec, + * + */ + +uint8_t IBM_VGA_8x16[4096] = { + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x81, 0x81, 0xbd, 0x99, 0x81, 0x81, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0x99, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x1a, 0x32, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xe6, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x70, 0xd8, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc8, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 +}; diff --git a/kernel/include/drivers/video/framebuffer.h b/kernel/include/drivers/video/framebuffer.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5f114a --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/include/drivers/video/framebuffer.h @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#ifndef FRAMEBUFFER_H +#define FRAMEBUFFER_H + +#include +#include +#include + +#define FB_CHAR_WIDTH 8 +#define FB_CHAR_HEIGHT 16 + +typedef struct { + uint32_t fg_color; + uint32_t bg_color; + uint32_t cursor_x; + uint32_t cursor_y; + uint32_t cols; + uint32_t rows; + struct limine_framebuffer *fb; +} fb_console_t; + +void fb_init(void); +void fb_putchar(char c); +void fb_puts(const char *str); +void fb_clear(void); +void fb_set_color(uint32_t fg, uint32_t bg); +void fb_printf(const char *fmt, ...); +void fb_draw_rect(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t color); + +#endif /* FRAMEBUFFER_H */ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/kernel/include/gdt.h b/kernel/include/gdt.h index 790ba5e..b93f14a 100644 --- a/kernel/include/gdt.h +++ b/kernel/include/gdt.h @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ #define GDT_H typedef struct GDTEntry { - uint16_t limit; + uint16_t limit_low; uint16_t base_low; - uint16_t base_mid; - uint8_t base_high; + uint8_t base_mid; uint8_t access; - uint8_t granularity; + uint8_t limit_high_and_flags; + uint8_t base_high; } __attribute__((packed)) GDTEntry; typedef struct GDTPtr { @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ typedef struct GDTPtr { uint64_t base; } __attribute__((packed)) GDTPtr; -#define GDT_NUM_ENTRIES 5 /* including null descriptor */ +#define GDT_NUM_ENTRIES 5 // Incl. null descriptor #define GDT_KERNEL_CODE 0x08 #define GDT_KERNEL_DATA 0x10 #define GDT_USER_CODE 0x18 diff --git a/kernel/include/limine_requests.h b/kernel/include/limine_requests.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c398e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/include/limine_requests.h @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#ifndef LIMINE_REQUESTS_H +#define LIMINE_REQUESTS_H + +#include "limine.h" + +// Only define once to avoid duplicates (result: kernel panic) +#ifdef DEFINE_LIMINE_REQUESTS + +__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) +volatile LIMINE_BASE_REVISION(3); + +__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) +volatile struct limine_framebuffer_request framebuffer_request = { + .id = LIMINE_FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST, + .revision = 0 +}; + +__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_start"))) +volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_START_MARKER + +__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_end"))) +volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_END_MARKER; + +#else + +// External declaration for other files +extern volatile struct limine_framebuffer_request framebuffer_request; + +#endif + +#endif // LIMINE_REQUESTS_H diff --git a/kernel/init/kernel.c b/kernel/init/kernel.c index 527c081..1883bdf 100644 --- a/kernel/init/kernel.c +++ b/kernel/init/kernel.c @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ #include #include -#include #include #include +#include static void hcf(void) @@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ kernel_main(void) /* Make sure the bootloader understands our base revision */ if (LIMINE_BASE_REVISION_SUPPORTED == 0) hcf(); - vga_set_mode_13h(); - - /* initGDT(); */ + /* Initialize framebuffer console */ + fb_init(); + + /* Test print */ + fb_puts("Hello World\n"); + + initGDT(); /* done so now hang */ hcf(); diff --git a/kernel/mm/paging.stub b/kernel/mm/paging.stub new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0ad428 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/mm/paging.stub @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +#include +#include +#include + +#define PAGE_PRESENT (1ULL << 0) +#define PAGE_WRITABLE (1ULL << 1) +#define PAGE_USER (1ULL << 2) +#define PAGE_SIZE_2MB (1ULL << 7) +#define PAGE_SIZE 4096 + +// Get hhdm offset +extern volatile struct limine_hhdm_request hhdm_request; +extern volatile struct limine_kernel_address_request kernel_address_request; + +// Static storage for page tables +static uint64_t pdpt[512] __attribute__((aligned(4096))); +static uint64_t pd[512] __attribute__((aligned(4096))); + +// Get current cr3 value (PML address) +static uint64_t get_cr3(void) +{ + uint64_t cr3; + __asm__ volatile("mov %%cr3, %0" : "=r"(cr3)); + return cr3; +} + +// Set cr3 to flush TLB +static void set_cr3(uint64_t cr3) +{ + __asm__ volatile("mov %0, %%cr3" : : "r"(cr3) : "memory"); +} + +// Convert physical address to virt address using hhdm +static inline void *phys_to_virt(uint64_t phys) +{ + if (hhdm_request.response == NULL) { + // Fallback if hhdm is not available + return (void *)(phys + 0xffff800000000000ULL); + } + return (void *)(phys + hhdm_request.response->offset); +} + +// Convert virt address to physical address +static inline uint64_t virt_to_phys(void *virt) +{ + uint64_t addr = (uint64_t)virt; + + // Check if this is a kernel address + if (kernel_address_request.response != NULL) { + uint64_t kernel_virt_base = kernel_address_request.response->virtual_base; + uint64_t kernel_phys_base = kernel_address_request.response->physical_base; + + // If address is in kernel space, convert using kernel base + if (addr >= kernel_virt_base && addr < kernel_virt_base + 0x200000) { + return kernel_phys_base + (addr - kernel_virt_base); + } + } + + // Otherwise, in hhdm range + if (hhdm_request.response == NULL) { + // Fallback to default if hhdm not avail + return (addr - 0xffff800000000000ULL); + } + return (addr - hhdm_request.response->offset); +} + +void map_vga_memory(void) +{ + // Get current PML4 from cr3 + uint64_t cr3 = get_cr3(); + uint64_t *pml4 = (uint64_t *)phys_to_virt(cr3 & ~0xFFF); + + // VGA memory starts at 0xA0000 (640KB) + // Map entire lower 1MB region for simplcity + + /* For address 0xA0000: + * PML4 index = 0 (bits 47-39) + * PDPT index = 0 (bits 38-30) + * PD index = 0 (bits 29-21) + * PT index = 160 (0xA0) (bits 20-12) + */ + + // Check if PML4[0] is present + if (!(pml4[0] & PAGE_PRESENT)) { + // Clear PDPT + for (int i = 0; i < 512; i++) { + pdpt[i] = 0; + } + // Install PDPT (use physical address) + pml4[0] = virt_to_phys(pdpt) | PAGE_PRESENT | PAGE_WRITABLE | PAGE_USER; + } + + // Get PDPT (convert physical address from entry to virt for access) + uint64_t *pdpt_ptr = (uint64_t *)phys_to_virt(pml4[0] & ~0xFFF); + + // Check if PDPT[0] is present + if (!(pdpt_ptr[0] & PAGE_PRESENT)) { + // Clear pd + for (int i = 0; i < 512; i++) { + pd[i] = 0; + } + // Install pd (use physical address) + pdpt_ptr[0] = virt_to_phys(pd) | PAGE_PRESENT | PAGE_WRITABLE | PAGE_USER; + } + + // Get pd (convert physical address from entry to virt for access) + uint64_t *pd_ptr = (uint64_t *)phys_to_virt(pdpt_ptr[0] & ~0xFFF); + + // Check if we can use 2MB pages + if (!(pd_ptr[0] & PAGE_PRESENT)) { + // Map the first 2MB as a large page (0x0 - 0x200000) + // This include VGA memory at 0xA0000-0xBFFFF + pd_ptr[0] = 0x0 | PAGE_PRESENT | PAGE_WRITABLE | PAGE_USER | PAGE_SIZE_2MB; + } + + // Flush TLB + set_cr3(cr3); + +} diff --git a/kernel/x86/gdt.c b/kernel/x86/gdt.c index 0d57583..ae3b456 100644 --- a/kernel/x86/gdt.c +++ b/kernel/x86/gdt.c @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ void gdt_reload() { asm volatile("lgdt %0\n\t" - "push $0x28\n\t" - "lea 1f(%%rip), %%rax\n\t" - "push %%rax\n\t" + "push $0x08\n\t" + "lea 1f(%%rip), %%rax\n\t" + "push %%rax\n\t" "lretq\n\t" "1:\n\t" - "mov $0x30, %%eax\n\t" + "mov $0x10, %%eax\n\t" "mov %%eax, %%ds\n\t" "mov %%eax, %%es\n\t" "mov %%eax, %%fs\n\t" @@ -26,44 +26,44 @@ gdt_reload() void initGDT() { - /* null descriptor (0) */ - descriptors[0].limit = 0; + // null descriptor (0) + descriptors[0].limit_low = 0; descriptors[0].base_low = 0; descriptors[0].base_mid = 0; descriptors[0].access = 0; - descriptors[0].granularity = 0; + descriptors[0].limit_high_and_flags = 0; descriptors[0].base_high = 0; - /* kernel code 64 (40) */ - descriptors[1].limit = 0; + // kernel code 64 (40) + descriptors[1].limit_low = 0; descriptors[1].base_low = 0; descriptors[1].base_mid = 0; descriptors[1].access = 0b10011010; - descriptors[1].granularity = 0b00100000; + descriptors[1].limit_high_and_flags = 0b00101000; descriptors[1].base_high = 0; - /* kernel data 64 (48) */ - descriptors[2].limit = 0; + // kernel data 64 (48) + descriptors[2].limit_low = 0; descriptors[2].base_low = 0; descriptors[2].base_mid = 0; descriptors[2].access = 0b10010010; - descriptors[2].granularity = 0; + descriptors[2].limit_high_and_flags = 0; descriptors[2].base_high = 0; // user code 64 (72) - descriptors[3].limit = 0; + descriptors[3].limit_low = 0; descriptors[3].base_low = 0; descriptors[3].base_mid = 0; descriptors[3].access = 0b11111010; - descriptors[3].granularity = 0b00100000; + descriptors[3].limit_high_and_flags = 0b00101000; descriptors[3].base_high = 0; // user data 64. (80) - descriptors[4].limit = 0; + descriptors[4].limit_low = 0; descriptors[4].base_low = 0; descriptors[4].base_mid = 0; descriptors[4].access = 0b11110010; - descriptors[4].granularity = 0; + descriptors[4].limit_high_and_flags = 0; descriptors[4].base_high = 0; gdtptr.limit = sizeof(descriptors) - 1;